Charaka Siddhisthana Chapter 11 - Phala matra Siddhi

This article explains the 11th chapter of siddhisthana of Charaka samhita called 'Phalamatra Siddhi Adhyaya'. In this chapter, "determination of appropriateness of medicaments, etc., for enema, and its veterinary dosage to achieve success" have been explained.

Table of Contents

Prologue

????? ??????????????? ??????????????||?|| ??? ? ????? ????????????||?||
athatah phalamatrasiddhim vyakhyasyamah||1|| iti ha smaha bhagavanatreyah||2||

We shall now explore the chapter dealing with the "determination of appropriateness of medicaments, etc., for enema, and its veterinary dosage to achieve success". Thus, said Lord Atreya [1-2]

Seminar to resolve disputes

??????????????????????????????????????????????| ??????????????????? ??????? ????????????????||?||
???????????????????? ?????????????????????| ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????????||?||
bhagavantamudarasattvadhisrutivijnanasamrddhamatrijam| phalabastivaratvaniscaye savivada munayo'bhyupagaman||3||
bhrgukausikakapyasaunakah sapulastyasitagautamadayah| katamat pravaram phaladisu smrtamasthapanayojanasviti||4||

To resolve dispute over the most useful ingredient amongst madanaphala etc., for asthapana-basti, and to determine the excellence of basti with those of madanaphala etc., in specific ailments, sages like Bhrgu, Kausika, Kapya, Saunaka, Pulastya and Asita Gautama came to Lord Atreya, who is richly endowed with liberal mind. Wisdom, memory and mundane knowledge.[3-4]

Opinion of Saunaka about excellence of jimutaka

?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????|
kaphapittaharam varam phalesvatha jimutakamaha saunakah|

Saunaka said, "amongst the fruits, jimutaka is the foremost in efficacy (for medicated for enema) because of its effects to eliminate kapha and pitta. [ 5 1/2 ]
Read: Charaka Kalpa Sthana 2nd Chapter Jimutaka kalpam

Opinion of Vamaka on excellence of katu- tumbi

???????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????||?|| ???????????????????? ???? ????????? ? ???|
mrduviryataya'bhinatti tacchakrdityaha nrpo'tha vamakah||5|| katutumbamamanyatottamam vamane dosasamiranam ca tat|

The king Vamaka said, "because of low potency this (fruits of jimutaka) is less effective in disintegrating and voiding of stool. On the other hand katutumbi which is the best as emetic is considered to be excellent because of its action to eliminate the doshas (through enema). [5 1/2 - 6 1/2 ]
Read: Bottle Gourd Uses, Home Remedies, Side Effects, Research

Opinion of Gautama on excellence of dhamargava

????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????||?||
??????????????? ??? ? ? ?????????????????? |
tadavrsyamasaityatiksnatakaturauksyaditi gautamo'bravit||6||
kaphapittanibarhanam param sa ca dhamargavamityamanyata |

Gautama said "(katutumbi) is non-aphrodisiac (avrsya) because of its sharp, pungent and un-unctuous effects. Dhamargava which is excellent for eliminating kapha and pitta may be considered to be best for basti (medicated enema)." [6 1/2 - 7 1/2 ]
Read: Sponge Gourd: Benefits, Usage, Research, Remedies, Side Effects

Opinion of badisa on excellence of kutaja

??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????||?||
????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?|
tadamanyata vatalam punarbadiso glanikaram balapaham||7||
kutajam prasasamsa cottamam na balaghnam kaphapittahari ca|

Badisa said, "dhamargava is the aggravator of vata, it causes depression (glani), and it reduces strength (for which it is not suitable for basti or enema). On the other hand, kutaja is considered as excellent [for enema] because it does not reduce strength, and it alleviates kapha as well as pitta" [7 1/2 - 8 1/2 ]
Read: Kutaja - Benefits, Usage, Dose, Side Effects - Ayurveda Details

Opinion of kapya on excellence of krita-vedhana

?????????????????????? ????????? ? ????? ?? ???||?||
?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????|
ativijjalamaurdhvabhagikam pavanaksobhi ca kapya aha tat||8||
krtavedhanamaha vatalam kaphapittam prabalam harediti|

Kapya said, "it (kutaja) is very viscid, it causes elimination of doshas through the upward tract (emesis), and it causes aggravation of vata (pavana ksobhi) [for which it is not suitable for basti or enema]. On the other hand, kutaja is considered as excellent [for enema] because it does not reduce strength, and it alleviates kapha as well pitta". On the other hand, kritavedhana which is vatala (promoter of vata) and which (instantaneously) eliminates excessively aggravated kapha and pitta (is the best drug for basti or medicated enema). [8 1/2- 91/2]
Read: Charaka Kalpa Sthana 6th Chapter Kritavedhana Kalpam

Refutation by Bhadra Saunaka

?????????? ????????? ????? ????????????????||?||
tadasadhviti bhadrasaunakah katukam catibalaghnamityapi||9||

BhadraSaunaka said, 'the statement [regarding the utility of krta-vedhana in enema therapy] is not correct because it is pungent, and it reduces strength in excess. [9 1/2]

Atreya's concluding statement

??? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? | ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????????||??||
??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????| ? ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? [?] ||??||
?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????| ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????||??||
???? ???????? ????, ???? ????????????? ??| ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????||??||
????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?| ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????||??||
iti tadvacanani hetubhih suvicitrani nisamya buddhiman | prasasamsa phalesu niscayam paramam catrisuto'bravididam||10||
phaladosagunan sarasvati prati sarvairapi samyagirita| na tu kincidadosanirgunam gunabhuyastvamato vicintyate [4] ||11||
iha kusthahita garagari hitamiksvaku tu mehine matam| kutajasya phalam hrdamaye pravaram kothaphalam ca pandusu||12||
udare krtavedhanam hitam, madanam sarvagadavirodhi tu| madhuram sakasayatiktakam tadaruksam sakatusnavijjalam||13||
kaphapittahrdasukari capyanapayam pavananulomi ca| phalanama visesatastvato labhate'nyesu phalesu satsvapi||14||

Having heard the above interesting arguments, the wise teacher Atreya admired the effort of the speakers, and thereafter, delivered the final judgement regarding the best among the fruits for enema as follows:
in your statements, all of you have appropriately described the beneficial effects and shortcomings of different fruits [for use in enema therapy]. There is no drug which is absolutely free from shortcomings or which is absolutely free from good effects. Therefore, we should, (while selecting the appropriate drug for enema), think of a drug which possesses more of good attributes [for a particular ailment].
In the present context (of basti or medicated enema),
jimutaka (garagari) is useful for the treatment of kustha;
katutumbi (iksvaku) is for meha (Prameha);
fruit of kutaja for heart diseases;
kothaphala - dhamargava is for pandu and
krta-vedhana is useful for udara.
Madanaphala is, however, not contra-indicated in any diseases. It is sweet and slightly astringent as well as bitter in taste. It is sweet and slightly pungent, hot and viscid. It eliminates kapha and pitta, it acts instantaneously, it is harmless, and it causes downward movement of vata. Therefore, the term "phala" (fruit) specifically indicates madanaphala (fruit of madana) even though there are several other fruits which are in medicine. [10-14]

Query about action of basti

???????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??? | ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????????????||??||
????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????| ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ||??||
guruneti vacasyudahrte munisanghena ca pujite tatah | pranipatya muda samanvitah sahitah sisyagano'nuprstavan||15||
sarvakarmagunakrdgurunokto bastirurdhvamatha naiti nabhitah| nabhyadho gudamatah sa sarirat sarvatah kathamapohati dosan ||16||

The above statement of the teacher was duly honoured by the assembly of sages. Thereafter, all the disciples bowed before him with happiness and enquired about the following:
The teacher has described the basti to possess actions and attributes for curing all the diseases. But it does not reach above the level of umbilicus because the rectum through which it is administered is located below this umbilicus. Then, how is it possible for basti to eliminate morbid material (doshas) from all over the body? [15-16]
Read: Basti Chikitsa: Benefits, Routes, Types, Indications, Equipment

Preceptor's reply

????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? | ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????????||??||
?? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ??????| ???????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????||??||
tadgururabravididam sariram tantrayate'nilah sangavighatat | kevala eva dosasahito va svasayagah prakopamupayati||17||
tam pavanam sapittakaphavitkam suddhikaro'nulomayati bastih| sarvasariragasca gadasanghastatprasamat prasantimupayati||18||

The body is sustained by vata because of its ability to cause detachment (vighat) of any adhesion (sanga). Vata alone or along with other doshas (generally) gets aggravated in its own habitat / seat (i.e colon). Basti (medicated enema), by its purifactory action, causes downward movement of that vata along with pitta, kapha and feces. Because of the alleviation of this vata, all the diseases pervading the whole body get alleviated. [17-18]

Basti for animals

????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????? ???????|
?????????? ? ? ?????????????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????||??||
athadhigamyarthamakhanditam dhiya gajostragosvavyajakarma roganut|
aprcchadenam sa ca bastimabravidvidhim ca tasyaha punah pracoditah||19||

After having understood the aforesaid concept in its entirety by intelligence, the disciple (Agnivesa) enquired about the cure of diseases affecting elephants, camels, cattle, horses, sheep and goats.
The preceptor (Atreya) described basti (medicated enema) [as the excellent therapy for the treatment of their diseases].
After further query, the preceptor explained the procedure of administering enema to these animals as follows [19]

Basti Putaka for animals

?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????????????? ???????|
?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????||??||
ajoranau saumya gajostrayoh krte gavasvayorbastimusanti mahisam|
ajavikanam tu jaradgavodbhavam vadanti bastim tadupayacintakah||20||

For giving enema to the elephant and camel, the urinary bladder of goat and sheep is used as enema-receptacle (basti putaka).
For giving enema to cows and horses, the urinary bladder of old ox (jaradgava) is used as enema-receptacle.
O! Blessed on (addressed to the disciple Agnivesa), this is the option of veterinary physicians proficient in the administration of medicated enema to animals. [20]

Basti Netra for different animals

???????????????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????|
???????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ||??||
aratnimastadasasodasangulam tathaiva netram hi dasangulam kramat|
gajostragosvavyajabastisandhau caturthabhagopanayam hitam vadet ||21||

The length of enema - nozzles (Basti netra) for different animals is as follows:
elephants: one aratni (length of the fore arm)
camels: 18 angulas (one angula= 3/4 th of an inch);
cattle and horses :16 angulas and
sheep and goats :10 angulas
it is stated to insert one fourth of this length of the nozzle into the anus of the animals while administering enema. [21]

Dose of Basti for different animals

????????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????|
??????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????????||??||
prasthastvajavyorhi niruhamatra gavadisu dvitrigunam yathabalam|
niruhamustrasya tatha"dhakadvayam gajasya vrddhistvanuvasane'stamah||22||

The dose of the fluids to be used as niruha (evacuative enema) for different animals is as follows:
goats and sheep: one prastha (64 tolas)
cattle (cows, buffalo and horses): two to three prasthas depending upon their physique;
camels: two adhakas (one adhakas= 25 tolas) and
elephants: four adhakas.
For anuvasana (unctuous types of medicated enema), the quantity of oil, etc., to be used for these animals is one-eight of the quantity prescribed above for niruha (evacuative type of medicated enema). (22)

Basti for all animals in general

???????????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????|
?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????||??||
kalingakusthe madhukam ca pippali vaca satahva madanam rasanjanam|
hitani sarvesu gudah sasaindhavo dvipancamulam ca vikalpana tviyam||23||

The recipe containing [the decoction of] ingredients like kalinga, kustha, madhuka, pippali, vaca, satahva, madana and rasanjana and added with jaggery, rock-salt and two varieties of dasamula (bilva, syonaka, gambhari, patala, ganikarika, salaparni, prsniparni, brhati, kantakari and goksura) is useful for all the types of veterinary enema. [23]

Additional ingredients for elephants

???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????|
gaje'dhika'svatthavatasvakarnakah sakhadirapragrahasalatalajah|

The recipes described above is added with [the decoction of] ingredients like asvattha,vata, asva-karna, khadira, pragraha (syonaka), sala and fruits of tala. Enema, along with these additional ingredients, is useful for curing diseases of elephants. [2/4 24]

Additional ingredients for cows

??? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????????||??||
?????????????????????????? ????????????? ???? ????|
tatha ca parnyau dhavasigrupatali madhukasarah sanikumbhacitrakah||24||
palasabhutikasurahvarohinikasaya uktastvadhiko gavam hitah|

The decoction of mudgaparni, masaparni, dhava, sigru, patali, madhuka-sara (heart- wood of madhuka), nikumbha, citraka, palasa, bhutika (ajamoda), surahva (devadaru) and rohini (katurohini) is used in addition (to the drugs described in the verse no. 23 as enema for cattle - diseases. [24 2/4- 2/4 25]

Additional ingredients for horses

??????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????||??||
palasadantisuradarukattrnadravantya uktasturagasya cadhikah||25||

The decoction of palasha, danti, suradaru, kattrna and dravanti, in addition (to the decoction of drugs described in the verse no. 23) is used for enema to cure diseases of horses. [25 2/4]

Additional ingredients for asses, camels

??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ? ??????|
kharostrayoh pilukarirakhadirah samyakabilvadiganasya ca cchadah|

The decoction of pilu, karira, khadira, samyaka and leaves of drugs belonging to bilvadi group is used in addition (to the decoction of drugs described in the verse no. 23) as enema for the diseases of asses and camels. [2/4 26]

Additional ingredients for goats and sheep

?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????????||??||
ajavikanam triphalaparusakam kapitthakarkandhu sabilvakolajam||26||

The decoction of haritaki, bibhitaka, amalaki, parusaka, kapittha, karkanadu, bilva and kola is used in addition (to the decoction of drugs described in the verse no. 23) as enema for the diseases of goats and sheep. [26 2/4]

Query about always exposed to diseases Sadatura

??????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ?|
?????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ?? ???????????||??||
athagnivesah satataturan naran hitam ca papraccha gurustadaha ca|
sada"turah srotriyarajasevakastathaiva vesya saha panyajivibhih||27||

Thereafter, Agnivesha enquired from the preceptor about the persons who are Sadatura, who are eternally sick, and also about their treatment. The preceptor replied that the persons who are eternally exposed to sickness are the following:
srotriyas (people belonging to the priest class)
raja- sevakas (servants of the king)
vesyas (courtesans) and
panya-jivins (merchants) [27]

Priests

?????? ?? ?????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????? [?] |
dvijo hi vedadhyayanavratahnikakriyadibhirdehahitam na cestate [2] |

The priests (brahmins) are always engaged in the study of the vedas, observance of different types of sacred vows (vratas), performance of daily rituals (ahnika-kriya), etc., they, thus, fail to attend to regimens which are useful for their health. [2/4 28]

King's servants

????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????? [?] ||??||
nrpopasevi nrpacittaraksanat paranurodhadbahucintanadbhayat [3] ||28||

King's servants are always preoccupied with such acts as would cause the gratification of the king's mind. They cater to the requirements of other subordinates of the king and they are exposed to excessive worry and fear; [thus they fail to follow their regimens which are useful for their health]. [28 2/4]

Courtesans

?????????????????????????? ??????(??)????????? ????????|
nrcittavartinyupacaratatpara mrjabhi(vi)bhusanirata panangana|

Depending upon the whims and the moods of men (clients), the courtesan devotes herself to their entertainment constantly by keeping her body clean, and by using various cosmetics as well as ornaments. Thus they fail to attend to their regimens which are useful for health. [2/4 29]

Merchants

???????????????????????????????????? ??????????||??||
sadasanadatyanubandhavikrayakrayadilobhadapi panyajivinah||29||

Merchants lead to a sedentary life being excessively attached to greediness involved in their profession of selling and purchasing goods. [thus, they fail to attend to regimens which are useful for their health] [29 2/4]

Common causes of their diseases
???? ?? ???????????????? ????????? ? ? ?????????|
?????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??||??||
sadaiva te hyagataveganigraham samacarante na ca kalabhojanam|
akalanirharaviharasevino bhavanti ye'nye'pi sada"turasca te||30||

All above mentioned four categories of persons become eternally sick because of the following:
they are always involved in -
suppression of the manifested natural urges
not taking timely food
untimely voiding of stools, urine etc
untimely indulgence in different regimens
other persons (apart from priests, king's servants, courtesans and merchants) who resort to the above mentioned irregularities also become perpetually sick. [30]

Use of phalavarti for treatment of their sickness

?????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ?????| ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????||??||
samiranam vegavidharanoddhatam vibandhasarvangarujakaram bhisak| samiksya tesam phalavartimaditah sukalpitam snehavatim prayojayet||31||

Because of the suppression of natural urges, vata gets aggravated to cause constipation and pain all over the body. The physician, having ascertained this, should, in the beginning, give phala-varti (medicated suppository) well prepared with unctuous material. [31]

Niruha and anuvasana-basti

???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????| ??????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????????||??||
?????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ??????????| ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????||??||
punarnavairandanikumbhacitrakan sadevadarutrivrtanidigdhikan| mahanti mulani ca panca yani vipacya mutre dadhimastusamyute||32||
satailasarpirlavanaisca pancabhirvimurcchitam bastimatha prayojayet| niruhitam dhanvarasena bhojitam nikumbhatailena tato'nuvasayet||33||

Punarnava, eranda, nikumbha, citraka, devadaru, trivrt, nidigdhika and maha-mula (bilva,syonaka, gambhari, patala and ganikarika) is cooked by adding cow's urine, curd and whey. To this, oil, ghee and five types of salt (saindhava, samudra, vida, sauvarcala and audbhida) is added. With this recipe, niruha type of enema is given, after this, the patient is given food prepared by cooking with the meat-soup of animals living in arid zone.
There after, he is given anuvasana or unctuous types of enema with nikumbha-taila. [32-33]
Read: Niruha Basti (Kashaya Basti) Panchakarma Method, Uses, Side Effects

Other recipes for basti

???? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????| ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ? ?????????? ?????????????||??|| ????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????| ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??||??||
balam sarasnam phalabilvacitrakan dvipancamulam krtamalakat phalam| yavan kulatthamsca pacejjaladhake rasah sa pesyaistu kalingakadibhih||34|| satailasarpirgudasaindhavo hitah sadaturanam balavarnavardhanah| tatha'nuvasye madhukena sadhitam phalena bilvena satahvaya'pi va||35||

Bala, rasana, phala (madanaphala), bilva, citraka, two varieties of pancamula, (bilva, syonaka, gambhari, patala, ganikarika, salaparni, prsniparni, brhati, kantakari and goksura), fruit of krtamala (aragvadha), yava and kulattha is boiled by adding one adhaka (25 tolas) of water, to this decoction, the paste of kalinga, etc., (vide verse no.23 for details of these drugs), oil, ghee, jaggery and rock-salt is added. Enema with this recipe is useful for persons who are perpetually sick (vide verse no. 27). This enema promotes their strength and complexion. Similarly, for these patients, oil cooked with either madhuka, phala (madana-phala), bilva or satahva may be used for anuvasana or unctuous types of enema. [34-35]
Read: Anuvasana Basti: Method, Benefits, Mode Of Action, Contra Indications

Enema recipes for infants

??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????| ? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????||??||
sajivaniyastu raso'nuvasane niruhane calavanah sisorhitah| na canyadasvangabalabhivardhanam niruhabasteh sisuvrddhayoh param||36||

Anuvasana (oil / fat enema) prepared of the decoction of drugs belonging to jivaniya- group (jivaka, rsabhaka, meda, mahameda, kakoli, ksirakakoli, mudgaparni,masaparni, jivanti and madhuka-vide sutra 4:9:1), and niruha basti prepared of these very drugs without adding salt are useful for children.
There is no therapy other than niruhabasti which effectively and rapidly promotes the growth of limbs and physical strength of both infants and old persons. [36]

???? ??????-
?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????| ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????||??||
tatra slokah-
phalakarma bastivarata netram yadbastayo gavadinam| satataturasca distah phalamatrayam hitam caisam||37||

To sum up:-
in this chapter entitled" phala- matra-siddhi" the topics discussed are as follows:
action of various types of fruits [ vide verse nos. 5-14]
excellence of basti - therapy [vide verse nos. 15-18]
the nozzle for giving enema to animals [ vide verse nos. 19-22]
enema - recipes for cattle etc., [vide verse nos. 23-26]
categories of persons who are perpetually sick and [ vide verse nos. 27-30]
therapies useful for these perpetually sick persons [vide verse nos. 31-36] [37]

Colophon

??????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????||??||
ityagnivesakrte tantre carakapratisamskrte'prapte drdhabalasampurite siddhisthane phalamatrasiddhirnamaikadaso'dhyayah||11||

Thus, ends the eleventh chapter of siddhi-section dealing with the "determination of appropriateness of madana-phala, etc., for enema. And its veterinary dose to achieve success". In Agnivesha's work as redacted by Charaka, and because of its non- availability, supplemented by drdhabala.

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